Is there genetic diversity left in Dutch HF cows?

Selection methods and genomic tools have strongly influenced the level of inbreeding in Dutch Holstein-Friesian cattle, cow data from 1986-2015 showed. This is written in a new article, published in Genetics Selection Evolution, and discussed on the website of Wageningen UR. In Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle (HF), intense artificial selection has been practised over many years. The use of a limited number of elite sires has reduced the effective population to a size ranging from 49 to 115. To