How milking system and pre-milking routines affect milk quality

Different farm management factors employed in milking systems are the cause for variation in the microbial community present in bulk tank milk. Several studies show that micro-organisms enter milk from a variety of sources and, once in milk, can play a number of roles, such as facilitating dairy fermentations (e.g. Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Propionibacterium and fungal populations), cause spoilage (e.g. Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Bacillus and other spore-forming or thermoduric