How much saleable milk is lost in a cow-calf contact system?

Although beneficial in many respects, cow-calf contact systems introduce additional challenges to collecting reliable data on milk production, which is important to assess individual cow efficiency and dairy farm profitability. In their study, researchers from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences estimated the loss of saleable milk when housing cows and calves together in an automatic milking unit. In modern dairy production, the practice of keeping cow and calf together, or co