To prevent heat stress, feed when it is cool. Producers can feed twice daily to help maximise intakes. Ideally more of the total mixed ration (TMR) should be offered at the coolest part of the day. Photo: Shutterstock
Heat stress impacts the performance and well-being of all ruminants. This was first clearly demonstrated with large epidemiological studies in dairy cows, indicating short-term production losses and longer-term welfare issues. Heat stress has also been increasingly recognised as an issue for growing ruminants: beef cows, calves, heifers, and small ruminants like goats and sheep. Prevention is key to limiting the immediate effects on milk or meat production — but also to preventing long-term e
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