Calving difficulty influences lameness and milk composition

Calving difficulty is one of the major causes of calf death at or shortly after birth which results in uterine infections and retained placentas, as well. This article will discuss the effects of calving difficulty on the lameness status of calves and dams and milk quality traits after calving. Calving difficulty or dystocia is abnormal or difficult birth at any stage of labour with direct negative impacts on calves and dams. In addition, calving difficulty leads to prolonged hypoxia, signifi