How does dairy cow temperament affect milk production?

Dairy cow temperament is a multifaceted characteristic that comprises various behavioural aspects. Individual differences in dairy cow temperament impact production performance, including milk yield and quality. The behaviour of dairy cows and its relationship with milk yield and quality are important topics for both consumers and producers because of their link to dairy cow welfare, production efficiency, and the sustainability of the dairy industry. However, due to the lack of standardisati