Genomic and phenotypic evaluation key indicators of udder health

Intensive dairy cattle production systems face the constant challenge of balancing fertility, udder health, and metabolic diseases without compromising milk production and welfare. As a result, there is a need for the accurate and efficient evaluation of udder characteristics in dairy cattle to allow farmers to make more informed breeding decisions for animal selection. Incorporating both genomic (DNA sequencing) and phenotypic (physical measurements) evaluation methods enhances the accuracy